Apel, D. (2005). Torture Culture: Lynching Photographs and the Images of Abu Ghraib. Art Journal 64 (2), 88-100. PDF sent by Yasmine Taan.

Berti, B. (2018). Did the global responses to 9/11 make us safer? TED Talk. Retrieved December 26, 2019, from Ted talks

Berti, B. (2015). The Surprising way groups like ISIS stay in Power. TED Talk. Retrieved December 26, 2019, from Ted talks

Bin Hasan, A.S.R. (2017). De-legitimising Al-Baghdadi's "Caliphate". Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses 9 (11), 1-6. Retrieved December 5, 2019, from Research Gate.

Chassman, A. (2017). Islamic State, Identity, and the Global Jihadist Movement: How is Islamic State successful at recruiting “ordinary” people?. Journal for Deradicalization 9, 205-259. Retrieved December 3, 2019, from Semantic Scholar.

Davies, L. (2016). Educating against Extremism: Towards a Critical Politicisation of Young People. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved December 13, 2019, from JSTOR.

El Difraoui, A. (2013). Al-Qaida par limage: la prophétie du martyre. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 

Gawthrop, W. (2011, July). Dogmatic Basis of Jihad and Martyrdom. Small Wars Journal 32. December 5, 2019, from Research Gate.

Hasan, U. (2013). No Compulsion In Religion: Islam & The Freedom of Belief. Religious Reform Series 2. London: Quilliam. ISBN: 978-1-906603-98-4. Retrieved December 7, 2019, from Quilliam.

Lee-Niinioja, H. S. (2018). Islamic Calligraphy and Muslim Identity: a Case study of Kuwait. Novel&Nobel Communications. Retrieved December 1, 2019, from Academia.edu

Maasri, Z. (2009). Off the Wall: Political Posters of the Lebanese Civil War.London: I.B.Tauris.

Mirzoeff. N. (2006). Invisible Empire: Visual Culture, Embodied Spectacle, and Abu Ghraib. Radical History Review Issue 95, 21–44. PDF sent by Yasmine Taan.

Mitchell, W.J.T. (2007). Picturing Terror: Derrida’s Autoimmunity. Critical Inquiry 33 (2), 277-290. The University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.1086/511494. PDF sent by Yasmine Taan.

Mozaffari, M. (2007, March). What is Islamism? History and Definition of a Concept. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 8 (1), 17–33. Retrieved December 7, 2019, from Research Gate.

Quraishi, A. (2006). Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition, and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence (February 2007). Cardozo Law Review, Vol. 28, 67-121. University of Wisconsin Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1036. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=963142 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.963142.

Ramadan, T. (2017). Islam: the Essentials. London: Pelican Books.

Ramadan, T. (2009). What I believe Tariq Ramadan. Retrieved December 6, 2019, from Boston University

Rose, G. (2001). Visual Methodologies: An Introduction to the Interpretation of Visual Materials. London: Sage Publications.

Roy, O. (2013, March). Secularism and Islam: The Theological Predicament. The International Spectator 48 (1), 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2013.759365. Retrieved December 6, 2019, from Istituto Affari Internazionali.

Wells, L. (Ed.). (2002). The Photography Reader. Abingdon: Routledge.