In terms of organizational structure of the Islamic State’s media body, it consists of three sub-bodies: Exterior Media (managing the official website of the IS, framing news, preparing photo reports, etc. - any output that reaches the IS target audiences), Media Production (filming team, design team, montage team, and printing team) and Interior Media (publishing and distribution team, media points team, flicks and ads team, and Al-Bayan radio team). Dr. Daniel Milton, the director of research at the Combating Terrorism Center at The Combating Terrorism Center, draws upon 13 internal documents obtained by the Department of Defence from Afghanistan that discuss the IS’s media organization in details. According to Dr. Milton the IS media organization cultivates photographs by giving recommendations for example how the framing should be, and how a fighter should be postured. To add, in an audio interview published in the Combating Terrorism Center website, Dr. Milton quotes a section from one of the documents: “We advise the brothers to avoid innovation because it is mostly the main cause of mistakes” (audio https://ctc.usma.edu/pulling-back-the-curtain-an-inside-look- at-the-islamic-states-media-organization/ ) ( https://ctc.usma.edu/pulling-back- the-curtain-an-inside-look-at-the-islamic-states-media-organization/ https:// ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2018/08/The-Essential-Duties-of-the-Media- Mujahid.pdf https://ctc.usma.edu/app/uploads/2018/08/Organizational- structure-of-the-media-office.pdf ).

Moreover, Dr. Milton states that the Islamic State’s media body would bring in foreign fighters with particular skills that would and put them in jobs that they would excel at, for example, a guy with digital design experience would go in the media organization (audio https://ctc.usma.edu/pulling-back-the-curtain-an-inside-look-at-the-islamic-states-media-organization/ ). To add, according to the IS internal documents mentioned above, Dr. Milton claims that the Islamic State’s media organization made a “concerted effort” to centralize control over the media production process regardless of the way individuals appear to have complete autonomy in what they post in social media (audio https://ctc.usma.edu/pulling-back-the-curtain-an-inside-look-at- the-islamic-states-media-organization/ ). Nevertheless, he states that prior to product such as photographs arriving on the social media scene, they go through a centralized process through which the IS media organization gives recommendations such as how a framing should occur or how a fighter should be postured (audio https://ctc.usma.edu/pulling-back-the- curtain-an-inside-look-at-the-islamic-states-media-organization/). Having said this, I hypothesize that to have the desired impact on the young men looking at the portraits of Rumiyah magazine, the media organization of the Islamic State takes into consideration of all elements employed in the visuals including portraits. This could mean that the IS media team aims to have an intentional affect on its audience (i.e. the young men at focus), while cultivating techniques of intentional affect to persuade or reinforce a certain emotion on the young men.